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- Ã¥À» ÀÐÀ¸¸é¼­ û¼Ò³âµéÀÌ ¼ºÀåÇϸ鼭 µ¶¸³ÀûÀ̸鼭µµ ³«°üÀûÀÌ°í ¿ë±â¸¦ °®´Â °ÍÀÌ Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ±ú´Ý°Ô µÇ¾î ¸Å¿ì ½Å¼±Çß½À´Ï´Ù. ÀλýÀÇ À§Çè¿¡ Á÷¸éÇÏ´Â ¿À´Ã³¯ÀÇ ÀþÀºÀ̵鿡°Ô ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¾î·Á¿òÀ» ±Øº¹ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¹æ¹ý¿¡ ´ëÇØ Á¶¾ðÇØ ÁֽðڽÀ´Ï±î?

 

¡°Àΰ£°ú µ¿¹°À» Æ÷ÇÔÇØ ¾î´À Á¾(ðú)À» ¸··ÐÇÏ°í û¼Ò³âÀÌ ¼º°øÀûÀÌ°í µ¶¸³ÀûÀÎ ¼ºÀÎÀÌ µÇ±â À§ÇØ ¹Ýµå½Ã ½ÀµæÇØ¾ß ÇÒ ³× °¡Áö ±â¼úÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. 1) Æ÷½ÄÀÚÀÇ Åο¡¼­ ¹þ¾î³ª ¾ÈÀüÇÏ°Ô Áö³»´Â ¹ý, 2) »çȸÀû °ü°è¸¦ Ž»öÇÏ´Â ¹ý, 3) ±¸¾ÖÀÇ ¾ð¾î¸¦ ¹è¿ì´Â ¹ý, 4) À½½Ä°ú »ì °÷À» ã´Â ¹ýÀ» ¹è¿ì´Â ¹ýÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

 

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¼ºÀå¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µµ¿òÀ» ÀÚ¿¬¿¡ ÀÇÁöÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ Èï¹Ì·Î¿î ÀÌÀ¯´Â ÀÌ ³× °¡Áö ÇÙ½É ±â¼úÀ» ¿¬½ÀÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ¼º¼÷ÇÏ°í ÇູÇÑ ¼ºÀÎÀÌ µÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÈξÀ ´õ ½±´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö Àֱ⠶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¹«¾ùÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÑÁö ¾Æ´Â °ÍÀÌ Ã¹ ¹ø° ´Ü°èÀ̸ç, ÀÚ¿¬¿¡¼­´Â ¹«¾ùÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÑÁö Á¤È®È÷ ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

ÀþÀºÀ̵éÀ» À§ÇÑ ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ ÅëÂûÀº Á¾À» ¸··ÐÇÏ°í û¼Ò³â±â°¡ Èûµé´Ù´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù(Another insight for young people is that across species adolescence is HARD). ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷º¸´Ù °æÇèÀÌ Àû°Å³ª ÀÚ¿øÀÌ ÀûÀ¸¸é ¸Å¿ì ¾î·Á¿ï ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª û¼Ò³â±âÀÇ ½ºÆ®·¹½º´Â ±Ø´ÜÀûÀÌÁö ¾ÊÀº ÇÑ Æ¯Á¤ Á¾·ùÀÇ ¼ºÀåÀ» ÃËÁøÇϱâ À§ÇØ ¿ÀÈ÷·Á ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ Ã¥ ¡¶¿ÍÀϵåÈĵ塷¿¡¼­´Â ¾î¸° µ¿¹°ÀÌ ¾ÈÀüÇÏ°í Æ°Æ°ÇÑ ¼ºÃ¼·Î ¼ºÀåÇÏ´Â µ¥ µµ¿òÀÌ µÇ´Â û¼Ò³â±â µ¿¹°ÀÇ Àü·«°ú Çൿ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¼³¸íÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Çൿ¿¡´Â Æ÷½ÄÀÚ °Ë»ç, ÆÛÇÇ ¶óÀ̼±½º(¾î¸° °­¾ÆÁö¸¦ ¼­¿­¿¡¼­ ÀϽÃÀûÀ¸·Î Á¦¿ÜÇÏ´Â Çö»ó), ½ÂÀÚ È¿°ú, ¿¬½À ºÐ»ê µîÀÌ Æ÷ÇԵ˴ϴÙ.

 

°á·ÐºÎÅÍ ¸»ÇÏÀÚ¸é, û¼Ò³â±â´Â ¾î·Á¿ï ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

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ÇÏÁö¸¸ Áö±¸»ó¿¡¼­ ¸ÅÀÏ°°ÀÌ ÀϾ´Â û¼Ò³â±â µ¿¹°µéÀº ÅëÂû·Â, ¿µ°¨, ±â»ÝÀÇ ¿øõÀ¸·Î ÇϷ縦 ¼º°øÀûÀ¸·Î ½ÃÀÛÇÕ´Ï´Ù.¡±

 

- ¾î¸° ½ÃÀýÀÌ ¾î¶®´ÂÁö °øÀ¯ÇØ Áֽðھî¿ä? ¶ÇÇÑ ±× ´ç½Ã È£·ÎÀ§Ã÷ ±³¼öÀÇ ²ÞÀº ¹«¾ùÀ̾ú³ª¿ä?

 

¡°Àú´Â Ưº°È÷ À§ÇèÀ» °¨¼öÇϴ û¼Ò³â±â¸¦ º¸³»Áö ¾Ê¾ÒÁö¸¸(Àúº¸´Ù µ¿»ýµéÀÌ ´õ ±×·¨ÁÒ), 13»ì ¹«·Æ °©Àڱ⠺θð´ÔÀÇ »ý°¢º¸´Ù ¶Ç·¡ Ä£±¸µéÀÇ »ý°¢¿¡ ÈξÀ ´õ °ü½ÉÀ» °®°Ô µÈ ¶Ñ·ÇÇÑ ¼ø°£ÀÌ ±â¾ï³³´Ï´Ù.

 

Á¦°¡ ½Å·ÚÇÏ°í Á¸°æÇÏ´Â ÈǸ¢ÇÑ ºÎ¸ð´ÔÀÌ °è¼Ì±â ¶§¹®¿¡ Á¦°Ô´Â ÀÌ»óÇÑ ÀÏÀ̾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ µ¿¹°ÀÇ »çÃá±â¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¸¹Àº °ÍÀ» ¹è¿ü±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ Á¤»óÀûÀÎ º¯È­¶ó´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. µ¶ÀÚ ¿©·¯ºÐÀº »çÃá±â »ýÁã°¡ ¶Ç·¡°¡ ¸Ô´Â À½½ÄÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀ̵ç, ½ÉÁö¾î ÀÌÀü¿¡ º´À» ÀÏÀ¸Ä×´ø À½½ÄÀÏÁö¶óµµ ¾î¶»°Ô ¸Ô°Ô µÇ´ÂÁö ±Ã±ÝÇÒ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù!¡±


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¶ÇÇÑ, û¼Ò³âµéÀÌ »î¿¡¼­ À§ÇèÀ» Á¢ÇÒ ±âȸ°¡ ¾ø´Ù¸é ±ÕÇü ÀâÈù ¼ºÀÎÀ¸·Î ¼ºÀåÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ»±î¿ä?

 

¡°¾ß»ýÀÇ Ã»¼Ò³â±â µ¿¹°µéÀÌ µ¶¸³ÀûÀÌ°í ¾ÈÀüÇÑ ¼ºÀÎÀ¸·Î ¼ºÀåÇϱâ À§Çؼ­´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã À§Çè¿¡ Á÷¸éÇØ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Æ÷½ÄÀÚÀÇ »ý±è»õ¿Í ³¿»õ¸¦ ÀÍÈ÷°í, Æ÷½ÄÀÚÀÇ »ç³É ÆÐÅÏÀ» ÀÍÈ÷¸ç, Æ÷½ÄÀÚ¸¦ ÇÇÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¹è¿ö¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

 

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ÀÌ Ã¥¿¡¼­´Â ¾ß»ýµ¿¹°¿¡¼­ ¿µ°¨À» ¾ò¾úÁö¸¸ Àΰ£¿¡°Ô ÀûÀÀÇÑ ¿©·¯ °¡Áö ¹æ¹ýÀ» ÅëÇØ Ã»¼Ò³âÀÌ À§ÇèÀ» ¹è¿ì°í, µû¶ó¼­ ´õ ¾ÈÀüÇØÁú ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï µµ¿ÍÁָ鼭µµ ÃÖ¼ÒÇÑÀÇ À§ÇèÀ» °¨¼öÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¼Ò°³ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.¡±

 

- Çѱ¹¿¡¼­´Â ¸¸ 10¼¼ ÀÌ»ó 14¼¼ ¹Ì¸¸ÀÇ Ã»¼Ò³âÀÎ °æ¿ì ¹üÁ˸¦ ÀúÁú·¯µµ ó¹ú¹ÞÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. ÀϺ»°ú ¿µ±¹Àº ¹üÁ˸¦ ÀúÁö¸¦ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÃÖ¼Ò ¿¬·ÉÀ» ³·ÃèÁö¸¸ ¹üÁË°¡ ÁÙÁö´Â ¾Ê¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù. Çѱ¹Àº ÃÖÀú ¿¬·ÉÀ» ³·ÃâÁö ¿©ºÎ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÀÇ°ßÀÌ ¾ù°¥·Á ³­Ç×À» °Þ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ±âȸ°¡ µÈ´Ù¸é ÀÌ ¹®Á¦¸¦ ´ã´çÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â Çѱ¹ Á¤ºÎ °ü°èÀڵ鿡°Ô ÀÌ º¹ÀâÇÑ ¹®Á¦¸¦ ±Øº¹ÇÏ°í ÇØ°áÇϱâ À§ÇØ ¾î¶² Á¶¾ðÀ» ÇØÁÖ°í ½ÍÀ¸½Å°¡¿ä?

 

¡°ÀÌ ¹®Á¦´Â Àΰ£ÀÌ ½ÇÁ¦·Î ¾ðÁ¦ "¼ºÀÎ"ÀÌ µÇ´ÂÁö ÀÌÇØÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾ó¸¶³ª ¾î·Á¿îÁö¸¦ Àß º¸¿©ÁÝ´Ï´Ù. »ç½Ç ¾ß»ýµ¿¹°ÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô ¼ºÀÎÀÌ µÇ´ÂÁö´Â ÀÌ ¹®Á¦¿¡ µµ¿òÀÌ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Á¾¿¡ °ü°è¾øÀÌ »çÃá±â´Â »çÃá±âÀÇ ½ÃÀÛÀ» ÀǹÌÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ »çÃá±â¿¡ Á¢¾îµå´Â °ÍÀº »ý¹°ÇÐÀû »ç°ÇÀÔ´Ï´Ù. »çÃá±â´Â ¼ºÀÎÀÌ µÇ´Â °Í°ú´Â ºÐ¸íÈ÷ ´Ù¸¨´Ï´Ù. ¼ºÀÎÀÌ µÇ±â À§ÇÑ ³× °¡Áö ÇÙ½É ±â¼úÀ» ½ÀµæÇÏ´Â µ¥ °É¸®´Â ½Ã°£ÀÌ ¿©·¯ Á¾¿¡ °ÉÃÄ ´Ù¸£´Ù´Â Á¡À» °í·ÁÇϸé, Àΰ£ û¼Ò³âÀÌ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Çൿ¿¡ Ã¥ÀÓÀ» Á®¾ß ÇÏ´Â ½Ã±â°¡ ¾ðÁ¦ÀÎÁö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹®Á¦°¡ ¹àÇôÁý´Ï´Ù.

 

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- Çѱ¹ µ¶Àڵ鿡°Ô ªÀº ÀÎ»ç ºÎŹµå¸³´Ï´Ù.

 

¡°¡¶¿ÍÀϵåÈĵ塷°¡ Çѱ¹¿¡¼­ Ãâ°£µÇ¾î ¸Å¿ì ±â»Þ´Ï´Ù! ¾ß»ýµ¿¹°ÀÇ »çÃá±â¿¡´Â Àΰ£À¸·Î ¼ºÀåÇÏ´Â °úÁ¤¿¡ ´ëÇÑ º¸ÆíÀûÀÎ ±³ÈÆÀÌ ¸¹ÀÌ ´ã°Ü ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Çѱ¹ û¼Ò³âÀÇ ÀϺΠÃø¸éÀº µ¶Æ¯ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÁö¸¸, ¾ß»ýµ¿¹° û¼Ò³â±â°¡ Á¦°øÇÏ´Â ÅëÂû·ÂÀº º¸ÆíÀûÀ̸ç Àü ¼¼°è û¼Ò³â, ºÎ¸ð, ±³»ç, »çȸ¿¡ µµ¿òÀÌ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í ¹Ï½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÅëÂûÀ» Çѱ¹ µ¶ÀÚ ¿©·¯ºÐ°ú °øÀ¯ÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾î ¸Å¿ì ±â»Þ´Ï´Ù!¡± (³¡)

 

- Reading your book, it was immensely refreshing to realized the importance of youths being independent yet optimistic and encouraging as they grow-up. Would you advise the young people of today, how they can overcome diverse difficulties as various individuals confront dangers in life?


Across species there are four skills adolescents must master to become successful and independent adults. They are 1) Learning to stay safe (out of the jaws of predators), 2) learning to navigate social relationships, 3) learning the language of courtship, and 4) learning to find food and a place to live. 


In the wild, an adolescent animal who doesn¡¯t master these four core skills will not survive into adulthood. It is brutal in the wild. But in the human world, many people grow older chronologically (they have numerically adult ages) but they may lack social skills, or they may have difficulties finding romantic partners, or they may not be independent. 


What is exciting about turning to nature for help with growing up is that we see that, by practicing these four core skills, it is much easier to become a mature and happy adult. Knowing what is required is the first step¡¦ and in nature it is clear exactly what is required.


Another insight for young people is that across species adolescence is HARD. It can be very difficult to be less experienced or have fewer resources than other individuals. But, the stresses of adolescence appear to be rather necessary (as long as they are not extreme) to promote a certain kind of growth. In the book we describe adolescent animal strategies and behaviors that help strengthen young animals, propelling them into safe and strong adulthoods. These behaviors include: predator inspection, puppy license, the winner effect, practice dispersals, and more (see our glossary of terms).


The bottomline is that adolescence can be difficult—human adolescents may take dangerous risks that can harm them, they may be vulnerable to mental stress, and they may find it challenging to become independent. However, the successful launch of animal adolescents every day on planet Earth is a source of insight, inspiration, and joy.

 

- Would you mind sharing how your youth period? Also, what was your dream to be at that time?


I was not a particularly risk-taking adolescent (my siblings were more than I), but I recall a distinct moment when I was about 13 when I suddenly became much more interested in what my peers thought than what my parents thought. It was odd for me because I had wonderful parents whom I trusted and respected a lot. Still, having learned so much about animal adolescence, I know that this is a normal shift. Readers may be interested in how adolescent mice will eat whatever their peers are eating–even if it is food that had previously made them sick!


- Do you think humans have natural instinct to defend themselves when in danger?

Also, do you think if youths don't have a chance to encounter dangers in life, would they be able to grow up as well-rounded adults?

 

For a wild animal adolescent to grow into an independent and safe adult, they must encounter danger. They need to learn what their predators look and smell like, they must learn their patterns of hunting, they must learn how to avoid them. There are strategies that have evolved to aid with this learning (see predator inspection). However, in the wild, sadly, many adolescents do not survive until adulthood. This is unacceptable in our species. So there is a challenge—based on what we know about growing up in the wild, it is imperative to experience danger as an adolescent in order to be safe as an adult. However, we must be sure that our human adolescents don¡¯t get harmed while learning about danger. In our book, we consider the number of wild animal-inspired but human-adapted practices that help adolescents learn about danger and, therefore, become safer—with a minimum amount of risk to them.


- In South Korea, if you are a youth within ten to fourteen years old range, you will not be punished for committing a crime. Japan and the United Kingdom lowered the minimum age to be committed, however that did not reduce the crime. South Korea is having a difficult time with different opinions whether to lower the minimum age or not. If you had the opportunity to do so, what you would you advise the Korean government officials who are in charge of this matter to overcome and resolve this complex issue?

 

This challenge underscores how difficult it can be to understand when a human is actually ¡°adult.¡± In fact, how wild animals become adults can help with this issue. Across species, puberty marks the onset of adolescence. But entering puberty is a biological event. It most definitely is NOT the same as becoming an adult. Recognizing how long it takes in so many species to master the four core skills of becoming an adult sheds light on the issue of when a human adolescent should be responsible for their actions. 


While I cannot say what exact age that might be, I might offer that based on the lives of many species in the wild, becoming a responsible adult seems to take much longer than we believed in the past. 


- Can you include a short greeting to Korean readers?


We are thrilled to see that Wildhood is being published in Korea! Wild animal adolescence contains many universal lessons for the process of growing up as a human. While some aspects of Korean adolescents may be unique, we believe the insights that wild animal adolescents provide are universal and can help adolescents, their parents, teachers and societies around the world. We are thrilled to share these insights with Korean readers! (³¡)

ÀÔ·Â : 2023.07.03

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